• Rapid microbiology
• Cell proliferation/Cytotoxicity
• Hygiene control
• Enzymes & metabolites
• Reporter gene studies
• Immunoassays
• Kinase Kit for HTS & research

Rapid microbiology

	Rapid microbiology determination of bacterial ATP
Extracellular ATP and mammalian ATP must be degraded before the assay of bacterial ATP	Extracellular ATP must be degraded before the assay of bacterial ATP	Samples contain only bacterial ATP
266-112 Microbial ATP Kit HS	266-111 Intracellular ATP Kit HS	266-311 ATP Biomass Kit HS

Applications include: Biomass measurement Antibiotic resistance studies Bacteriuria testing Cell counting	Biocompatibility studies Microbial control of water quality	Microbial control in paper and pulp industry Coliform detection

Principles:

ATP is the energy currency in all living cells. The central role of ATP makes it necessary for all cells to maintain a constant intracellular ATP concentration, which is similar in all living cells. The amount of ATP per cell reflects the intracellular volume and is 1-2 attomoles for bacterial cells and with few exceptions more than 1 femtomole for mammalian cells. Anything interfering with the energy metabolism will lead to a rapid drop in the ATP level and the cell is likely to die within seconds. Consequently the total intracellular ATP amount is a good estimate of the total intracellular volume of the living cells in the sample. If one knows the amount of ATP per cell one can calculate the number of cells per mL. If the sample contains extracellular ATP and ATP in mammalian cells, these ATP pools are first degraded by a 10-minute incubation with ATP Eliminating Reagent before bacterial ATP is assayed. If one does not know if there is non-bacterial ATP in the samples, it is best to choose the Microbial ATP Kit HS comparing the ATP level with and without incubating with ATP Eliminating Reagent. If the two levels are similar one can choose the ATP Biomass Kit HS for future assays.

BioThema also provides Kikkoman luminescence products in Europe. More info...